Inflammatory response of the peripheral neuroendocrine system following downhill running.

Exploring the relationship between exercise inflammation and the peripheral neuroendocrine system is essential for understanding how acute or repetitive bouts of exercise can contribute to skeletal muscle adaption. In severe damage, some evidence demonstrates that peripheral neuroendocrine receptors might contribute to inflammatory resolution, supporting the muscle healing process through myogenesis. In this sense, the current study aimed to evaluate two classic peripheral neuronal receptors along with skeletal muscle inflammation and adaptation parameters in triceps brachii after exercise. We euthanized C57BL (10 to 12 weeks old) male mice before, and one, two, and three days after a downhill running protocol. The positive Ly6C cells, along with interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), α7 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs), and myonuclei accretion were analyzed. Our main results demonstrated that nAChRs increased with the inflammatory and myonuclei accretion responses regardless of NF-κB and GR protein expression. These results indicate that increased nAChR may contribute to skeletal muscle adaption after downhill running in mice.

Influence of magnitude of weight loss on Adipo/lep ratio in adolescents with obesity undergoing multicomponent therapy.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The expansion of adipose tissue increases leptin secretion associated with a reduction of adiponectin concentration, which negatively affects health of adolescents with obesity. This study aims to investigate the effects of non-intensive interdisciplinary therapy on cardiometabolic parameters including leptin, adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratio as a dependent manner on its magnitude of weight loss reduction. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight adolescents (14-19 y.o) were enrolled in an interdisciplinary therapy for 20 weeks. Body composition, biochemical parameters, leptin and adiponectin were measured at baseline and after therapy. The adolescents were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of total weight loss, less than 5% (<5%-n = 18) or greater than or equal to 5% (≥5%-n = 20). Leptin decreased in whole group after therapy, while adiponectin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio increased. Additionally, body composition was improved. Only the group who lost ≥5% of body weight could reduce the inflammatory state. CONCLUSION: The interdisciplinary therapy contributes to improve cardiometabolic parameters that could be involved on inflammation in adolescents with obesity, this improvement occurred mainly when the weight loss is ≥5% of body weight. It could be a target for control the inflammatory process related to obesity in adolescents.

The high glycemic index diet was an independent predictor to explain changes in agouti-related protein in obese adolescents.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The role of diet glycemic index (GI) in the control of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors of the energy balance is still not clear. The present study aimed to assess whether the habitual diet, according to different GI foods, exerts influence on regulation of energy balance markers and the effects of interdisciplinary intervention in obese adolescents. METHODS: A total of 55 obese adolescents, aged from 14 to 19 years, were submited to one year of interdisciplinary therapy and were divided in two groups, according to the predominant dietary pattern of food intake: high-GI group (H-GI; n = 29) and moderate/low-GI group (M/L-GI; n = 26). RESULTS: The concentration of orexigenic factor AgRP (p < 0.01), visceral fat (p=0.04) and visceral/subcutaneous ratio (p = 0.03) were higher in the group of H-GI when compared with M/L-GI group. Moreover, the habitual consumption of H-GI foods was an independent predictor to explain changes in AgRP concentrations. After one year of interdisciplinary therapy, the adolescents presented significant reductions in body weight, total body fat (%), visceral and subcutaneous fat and HOMA-IR, as well as a significant increase of fat free mass (%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results may suggest that habitual H-GI diet could upregulate orexigenic pathways, contributing to vicious cycle between undesirable diets, deregulates energy balance and predispose to obesity. One the other hand, one year of interdisciplinary therapy can significant improves metabolic profile and central obesity in adolescents.

La Dieta de alto índice glucémico es un predictor independiente para explicar los cambios en la proteína relacionada al agouti en adolescentes obesos. Introducción y objetivos: El papel de la dieta de índice glucémico (GI) en el control de los factores orexigénicos y anorexígenos del balance de energía todavía no está claro. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la dieta habitual, de acuerdo con diferentes alimentos con IG, ejerce influencia sobre la regulación de los marcadores del balance de energía y los efectos de la intervención interdisciplinaria en adolescentes obesos. Métodos: Un total de 55 adolescentes obesos, con edades de 14 a 19 años, han sido sometidos a un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario y se dividieron en dos grupos, de acuerdo al patrón de dieta predominante de la ingesta de alimentos: el grupo IG alto (H-GI; n = 29) y GI moderada/bajo grupo (M/L-GI, n = 26). Resultados: La concentración de orexigenic factor de AgRP (p < 0,01), la grasa visceral (p = 0,04) y la relación visceral/ subcutánea (p = 0,03) fueron mayores en el grupo de HGI en comparación con el grupo M/L-GI. Por otra parte, el consumo habitual de alimentos H-GI fue un predictor independiente para explicar los cambios en las concentraciones de AgRP. Después de un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario, los adolescentes presentan una reducción significativa en el peso corporal, la grasa corporal total (%), visceral y la grasa subcutánea y el HOMA-IR, así como un aumento significativo de la masa libre de grasa (%). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados pueden sugerir que la dieta H-GI habitual podría upregulate vías orexigénicos, contribuyendo al círculo vicioso entre las dietas indeseables, desregula el equilibrio energético y predisponen a la obesidad. Uno por otro lado, un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario puede perfil metabólico mejora significativa y la obesidad central en los adolescentes.

The high glycemic index diet was an independent predictor to explain changes in agouti-related protein in obese adolescents / La dieta de alto índice glucémico es un predictor independiente para explicar los cambios en la proteína relacionada al agouti en adolescentes obesos

The high glycemic index diet was an independent predictor to explain changes in agouti-related protein in obese adolescents. Background & Aims: The role of diet glycemic index (GI) in the control of orexigenic and anorexigenic factors of the energy balance is still not clear. The present study aimed to assess whether the habitual diet, according to different GI foods, exerts influence on regulation of energy balance markers and the effects of interdisciplinary intervention in obese adolescents. Methods: A total of 55 obese adolescents, aged from 14 to 19 years, were submited to one year of interdisciplinary therapy and were divided in two groups, according to the predominant dietary pattern of food intake: high-GI group (H-GI; n = 29) and moderate/low-GI group (M/L-GI; n = 26). Results: The concentration of orexigenic factor AgRP (p < 0.01), visceral fat (p=0.04) and visceral/subcutaneous ratio (p = 0.03) were higher in the group of H-GI when compared with M/L-GI group. Moreover, the habitual consumption of H-GI foods was an independent predictor to explain changes in AgRP concentrations. After one year of interdisciplinary therapy, the adolescents presented significant reductions in body weight, total body fat (%), visceral and subcutaneous fat and HOMA-IR, as well as a significant increase of fat free mass (%). Conclusions: Our results may suggest that habitual H-GI diet could upregulate orexigenic pathways, contributing to vicious cycle between undesirable diets, deregulates energy balance and predispose to obesity. One the other hand, one year of interdisciplinary therapy can significant improves metabolic profile and central obesity in adolescents (AU)

La Dieta de alto índice glucémico es un predictor independiente para explicar los cambios en la proteína relacionada al agouti en adolescentes obesos. Introducción y objetivos: El papel de la dieta de índice glucémico (GI) en el control de los factores orexigénicos y anorexígenos del balance de energía todavía no está claro. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar si la dieta habitual, de acuerdo con diferentes alimentos con IG, ejerce influencia sobre la regulación de los marcadores del balance de energía y los efectos de la intervención interdisciplinaria en adolescentes obesos. Métodos: Un total de 55 adolescentes obesos, con edades de 14 a 19 años, han sido sometidos a un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario y se dividieron en dos grupos, de acuerdo al patrón de dieta predominante de la ingesta de alimentos: el grupo IG alto (H-GI; n = 29) y GI moderada/bajo grupo (M/L-GI, n = 26). Resultados: La concentración de orexigenic factor de AgRP (p < 0,01), la grasa visceral (p = 0,04) y la relación visceral/subcutánea (p = 0,03) fueron mayores en el grupo de H-GI en comparación con el grupo M/L-GI. Por otra parte, el consumo habitual de alimentos H-GI fue un predictor independiente para explicar los cambios en las concentraciones de AgRP. Después de un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario, los adolescentes presentan una reducción significativa en el peso corporal, la grasa corporal total (%), visceral y la grasa subcutánea y el HOMA-IR, así como un aumento significativo de la masa libre de grasa (%). Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados pueden sugerir que la dieta H-GI habitual podría upregulate vías orexigénicos, contribuyendo al círculo vicioso entre las dietas indeseables, desregula el equilibrio energético y predisponen a la obesidad. Uno por otro lado, un año de tratamiento interdisciplinario puede perfil metabólico mejora significativa y la obesidad central en los adolescentes (AU)